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Investment Companies - AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide

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Ready to fast track your knowledge of the auditing and accounting issues significant to the investment companies industry? Whether you're preparing your company's financial statements or preparing for an auditing engagement in the investment companies industry, this Audit and Accounting Guide provides you with the latest information on accounting and auditing issues affecting the investment companies industry and related financial statement considerations.

Have you used the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™ (ASC) to maneuver through the new structure of GAAP? You'll find the helpful guidance you're accustomed to now fully conformed to the ASC, along with a clear explanation of the ASC's significance to the profession, numerical referencing system, and Internet-based research system.

Updated with conforming changes as of May 1, 2009, the guide includes relevant guidance contained in official pronouncements issued through that date, supplemented with specific "how-to" recommendations, in addition to regulatory investment company specific guidance. The following new pieces of guidance are particularly significant to this guide and have been reflected in this edition:

  • FASB Statement No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.
  • FASB Statement No. 141(revised), Business Combinations.
  • FASB Staff Positions related to repurchase agreements, financial instruments, and fair value issued since the last edition of the guide, May 1, 2008.
  • Technical Questions and Answers TIS section 6910.29, "Allocation of Unrealized Gain (Loss), Recognition of Carried Interest, and Clawback Obligations," (AICPA, Technical Practice Aids).

You'll also want to check out the updated illustrative financial statements and the new developments related to the heavily debated fair value issue addressed in FASB Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. With all these must-have features, this guide is an essential reference for firms, small practitioners, and professionals in business and industry.

For a topical listing of subject matter by chapter, click on the Table of Contents tab.

Table of Contents

  • Chapter 1 - The Investment Company Industry
    • Kinds of Investment Companies
    • History
    • Definition and Classification
    • Organizations Providing Services to Investment Companies
      • The Manager
      • The Distributor
      • The Custodian
      • The Transfer Agent
      • The Administrator
    • Regulation
    • Financial Reporting to Shareholders
    • Accounting Rules and Policies
    • Valuation of Investments
      • Definition of Fair Value
      • Valuation Techniques
      • Present Value Techniques
      • The Fair Value Hierarchy
      • Disclosures
    • Effective Date of Transactions
    • Other Rules
  • Chapter 2 - Investment Accounts
    • Investment Objectives and Policies
    • Operations and Controls
      • Recordkeeping Requirements
      • Custody of Securities
      • Accounting for Segregated Accounts
      • Routine Investment Procedures
    • Accounting
      • Net Asset Value Per Share
      • Basis of Recording Securities Transactions
      • Methods of Valuing Investments
      • Determining Costs and Realized Gains and Losses
      • Accounting for Investment Income
      • Defaulted Debt Securities
      • Accounting for Expenditures in Support of Defaulted Debt Securities
      • Lending of Portfolio Securities
      • Accounting for Derivatives
      • Accounting for Foreign Investments
    • Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement
      • Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit
      • The Importance of Exercising Professional Skepticism
      • Discussion Among Engagement Personnel Regarding the Risks of Material Misstatement Due to Fraud
      • Examples of Fraud Risk Factors
      • Obtaining the Information Needed to Identify the Risks of Material Misstatement Due to Fraud
      • Identifying Risks That May Result in a Material Misstatement Due to Fraud
      • Assessing the Identified Risks After Taking Into Account an Evaluation of the Entity's Programs and Controls That Address the Risks
      • Responding to the Results of the Assessment
      • Evaluating Audit Evidence
      • Responding to Misstatements That May Be the Result of Fraud
      • Communicating About Possible Fraud to Management, the Audit Committee, and Others
      • Documenting the Auditor's Consideration of Fraud
      • Practical Guidance
    • Auditing Procedures
      • Principal Audit Objectives
      • Obtaining an Understanding of the Entity and Its Environment, Including Internal Control
      • Examination of Transactions and Detail Records
  • Chapter 3 - Financial Instruments
    • Money Market Investments
    • Repurchase Agreements
    • Reverse Repurchase Agreements
    • U.S. Government Securities (Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds)
    • Municipal Notes and Bonds
    • Insured Portfolios
    • When-Issued Securities
    • Synthetic Floaters
    • Mortgage Backed Securities
    • Adjustable Rate Mortgages
    • Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
    • Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits
    • High-Yield Securities
    • Payment-in-Kind Bonds
    • Step Bonds
    • Put and Call Options
    • Standby Commitments
    • Commodity and Financial Futures Contracts
    • Forward Contracts
    • Forward Exchange Contracts
    • Structured Notes or Indexed Securities
    • Interest Rate, Currency, and Equity Swaps and Swaptions
    • Short Positions
    • Mortgage Dollar Rolls
  • Chapter 4 - Capital Accounts
    • Operations and Controls
      • Distributors
      • Orders to Purchase or Redeem
      • Cancellation of Orders
      • Shareholder Transactions
    • Accounting for Capital Share Transactions and Distributions
      • Equalization
    • Auditing Procedures
      • Principal Audit Objectives
      • Obtaining an Understanding of the Entity and Its Environment, Including Internal Control
      • Examination of Transactions and Detail Records
      • Other Matters
      • Reports on Controls at Outside Service Organizations
  • Chapter 5 - Complex Capital Structures
    • Operational and Accounting Issues
      • Multiple-Class Funds
      • Master-Feeder Funds
      • Funds of Funds
      • Other Considerations for Investments in Nonpublicly Traded Investees
    • Financial Statement Presentation
      • Multiple-Class Funds
      • Master-Feeder Funds
      • Funds of Funds
    • Audit Considerations
      • Planning
      • Control Environment
      • Investment in Master Fund and Income-Gain Allocations
      • Other Transactions
      • Prospectus Restrictions and Compliance
      • Tax Qualifications and Compliance
      • Financial Statements
    • Funds of Funds
      • Control Environment
  • Chapter 6 - Taxes
    • Overview
    • Financial Statements and Other Matters
      • Income Tax Expense
      • Federal Income Tax Provisions Affecting Investment Accounts
      • Withholding Taxes
      • Financial Statement Presentation
      • Diversification of Assets
    • Taxation of Regulated Investment Companies
      • General Discussion of the Taxation of RICs
      • Taxation of a RIC's Taxable Income and Net Capital Gains
      • Taxation of Shareholder Distributions
      • Qualified Dividend Income
      • Qualification Tests
      • 50 Percent and 25 Percent Asset Diversification Tests
      • Variable Contracts
      • Distribution Test
      • Excise Tax on Undistributed Income
      • Computation of Taxable Income and Gains
      • Offshore Funds
      • Small Business Investment Companies
  • Chapter 7 - Financial Statements of Investment Companies
    • Consolidation by Investment Companies
    • Reporting Financial Position
      • Reporting of Fully Benefit-Responsive Investment Contracts
      • Schedule of Investments
      • Assets
      • Liabilities
      • Fair Value Option
      • Net Assets
    • Statement of Operations
      • Investment Income
      • Expenses
      • Net Investment Income
      • Net Realized Gain or Loss From Investments and Foreign Currency Transactions
      • Net Increase (Decrease) in Unrealized Appreciation or Depreciation on Investments and Translation of Assets and Liabilities in Foreign Currencies
      • Net Increase From Payments by Affiliates and Net Gains (Losses) Realized on the Disposal of Investments in Violation of Restrictions
      • Net Realized and Unrealized Gain or Loss From Investments and Foreign Currency
      • Net Increase or Decrease in Net Assets From Operations
      • Reporting of Fully Benefit-Responsive Investment Contracts
    • Statement of Changes in Net Assets
    • Statement of Cash Flows
    • Financial Highlights
    • Other Disclosure Requirements
      • Fully Benefit-Responsive Investment Contract Disclosures
    • Interim Financial Statements
    • Illustrative Financial Statements of Investment Companies
    • Illustrations of Calculations and Disclosures When Reporting Expense and Net Investment Income Ratios
    • Illustration of Calculation and Disclosure When Reporting the Internal Rate of Return
    • Illustration of Calculation and Disclosure When Reporting the Total Return Ratio
  • Chapter 8 - Other Accounts and Considerations
    • Investment Advisory (Management) Fee
    • Expenses
    • Distribution Expenses
    • Minutes
    • Organization and Offering Costs
    • Unusual Income Items
    • Form N-SAR
    • Business Combinations
    • Diversification of Assets
    • Auditor's Responsibility for Other Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial Statements
  • Chapter 9 - Unit Investment Trusts
    • Fixed-Income and Equity UITs
    • Taxes
    • Illustrative Financial Statements
  • Chapter 10 - Variable Contracts—Insurance Companies
    • Separate Accounts
    • History
    • Product Design
    • Contracts in Payout (Annuitization) Period
    • SEC Registration
    • Auditing Considerations
    • Taxation of Variable Contracts
    • Illustrative Financial Statements
  • Chapter 11 - Independent Auditor's Reports and Client Representations
    • Report on Financial Statements of Nonregistered Investment Companies
    • Reports on Financial Statements of Registered Investment Companies
      • Reports for a Registered Investment Company That Issues a Condensed Schedule of Investments in the Financial Statements Provided to Shareholders
      • Review of Semiannual Financial Statements
    • Report on Examinations of Securities Pursuant to Rules 17f-1 and 17f-2 Under the Investment Company Act of 1940
    • Report on Examinations of Securities Pursuant to Rule 206(4)-2 Under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940
    • Report on Internal Control Required by the SEC Under Form N-SAR
    • Report for a Closed-End Fund Security Agency Rating
    • Reports on Processing of Transactions by a Transfer Agent
    • Reporting Pursuant to the Global Investment Performance Standards
    • Illustrative Representation Letter—XYZ Investment Company
    • Illustrated Updated Representation Letter—XYZ Investment Company
  • Chapter 12 - Basis for Conclusions
    • Consolidation and the Equity Method
    • Payments by Affiliates and Corrections of Investment Restriction Violations
    • Premium Amortization
    • Excess Expense Plans
    • Complex Capital Structures
    • Schedule of Investments
    • Organization and Offering Costs
      • Organization Costs
      • Offering Costs
    • Components of Capital and Dividend Disclosures
  • Appendix A - Venture Capital and Small Business Investment Companies
  • Apendeix B - Computation of Tax Amortization of Original Issue Discount, Market Discount, and Premium
  • Apendeix C - Internal Revenue Code Worksheets
  • Apendeix D - Worksheet for Diversified Management Investment Companies (as defined in section 5(b)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940)
  • Apendeix E - Illustrative Financial Statement Presentation for Tax-Free Business Combinations of Investment Companies
  • Apendeix F - Illustrations for Separately Calculating and Disclosing the Foreign Currency Element of Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses
  • Appendix G - References to AICPA Technical Practice Aids
  • Apendeix H - Major Existing Differences Between AICPA Standards and PCAOB Standards
  • Apendeix I - Schedule of Changes Made to the Text From the Previous Edition Glossary

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Excerpts

Introduction

This guide has been written with the assumption that readers are proficient in accounting and auditing in general but not necessarily familiar with the investment company industry. Accordingly, the guide includes extensive investment company industry background and explanatory material.

Chapter 1 provides background information and terminology that is intended to help the reader better understand the industry.

Chapters 2-4 and chapter 8 focus on the major financial statement components that have unique accounting and auditing requirements for investment companies.

Chapter 5 focuses on unique accounting, operational, and auditing aspects of complex capital structures of investment companies, including multiple-class funds, master-feeder funds, and funds of funds. Illustrative financial statements are presented for multiple-class funds, master funds, feeder funds, and funds of funds.

Chapter 6 focuses on 2 distinct aspects of taxes for investment companies: financial statements and other matters, and taxation of regulated investment companies.

Chapter 7 focuses on financial statement presentation and disclosure requirements of investment companies. Additional disclosures required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for registered investment companies and GAAP disclosure requirements are identified. Illustrative financial statements of a typical open-end management investment company are presented.

Chapter 9 provides background information and unique matters related to unit investment trusts. This chapter also contains illustrative financial statements for these entities.

Chapter 10 provides background, product design, operational, and regulatory information related to separate accounts of life insurance companies. This chapter also describes auditing considerations and contains illustrative financial statements for these entities.

Chapter 11 discusses reports on audited financial statements of investment companies, reports on internal control required by the SEC, reports on processing of transactions by transfer agents, reports on examinations of investment performance statistics, and other reports unique to the investment company industry. Numerous report examples are included in this chapter.

Chapter 12 provides basis for conclusions for accounting guidance. A glossary of terms and several appendixes have been included to provide the reader with additional sources of information regarding the investment company industry. The appendixes are:

•  Appendix A, "Venture Capital and Small Business Investment Companies"
•  Appendix B, "Computation of Tax Amortization of Original Issue Discount, Market Discount, and Premium"
•  Appendix C, "Internal Revenue Code Worksheets"
•  Appendix D, "Worksheet for Diversified Management Investment Companies (as defined in section 5(b)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940)"
•  Appendix E, "Illustrative Financial Statement Presentation for Tax-Free Business Combinations of Investment Companies"
•  Appendix F, "Illustrations for Separately Calculating and Disclosing the Foreign Currency Element of Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses"
•  Appendix G, "References to AICPA Technical Practice Aids"
•  Appendix H, "Major Existing Differences Between AICPA Standards and PCAOB Standards"
•  Appendix I, "Schedule of Changes Made to Text From the Previous Edition"

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Paperback 2009
Product# 012629
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