AICPA Professional Standards offers a comprehensive source of professional standards applicable to non-public companies and contains pronouncements issued by the AICPA.
Pronouncements are arranged by subject with amendments noted, superseded portions deleted, and conforming changes reflected. Numerous amendments and conforming changes have been made recently, including those necessary to reflect FASB Accounting Standards Codification™ (ASC).
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This edition includes standards and interpretations issued through June 1, 2009, including:
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HOW TO USE VOLUME 1
Scope of Volume 1
This volume, which is a reprint of volume 1 of the looseleaf edition of AICPA Professional Standards, includes the currently effective pronouncements on professional standards issued by the the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), and a section detailing the applicability of AICPA Professional Standards and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) Standards.
Special Note About Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification™
The accounting guidance in this publication has been conformed to reflect reference to Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification™ (ASC) as it existed on June 1, 2009 (through FASB ASC Update 2009-179). Although FASB ASC is not effective at this writing, it will be released as authoritative on July 1, 2009; therefore, this publication has been conformed to FASB ASC to assist you during this transition.
On June 3, 2009, FASB voted to approve FASB ASC as the source of authoritativeU. S. accounting and reporting standards for nongovernmental entities, in addition to guidance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). FASB ASC becomes authoritative upon its release on July 1, 2009, significantly changing the way financial statement preparers, auditors, and academics perform accounting research.
Upon release, FASB ASC will supersede all existing, non-SEC accounting and reporting standards for nongovernmental entities. When FASB ASC becomes effective, all other nongrandfathered, non-SEC accounting literature not included in FASB ASC will become nonauthoritative.
FASB ASC will be effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009, which means that preparers must begin to use FASB ASC for periods that begin on or about July 1, 2009.
FASB ASC is a major restructuring of accounting and reporting standards designed to simplify user access to all authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) by providing the authoritative literature in a topically organized structure. FASB ASC disassembled thousands of nongovernmental accounting pronouncements (including those of FASB, the Emerging Issues Task Force, and the AICPA) and reassembled them under approximately 90 topics.
FASB ASC also includes relevant portions of authoritative content issued by the SEC, select SEC staff interpretations, and administrative guidance issued by the SEC; however, FASB ASC is not the official source of SEC guidance and does not contain the entire population of SEC rules, regulations, interpretive releases, and staff guidance.
FASB ASC is not intended to change U.S. GAAP or any requirements of the SEC; rather, it is part of FASB's efforts to reduce the complexity of accounting standards and also to facilitate international convergence. Moreover, FASB ASC does not include governmental accounting standards. The purposes behind the codification project include the following:
| • | Appendix A, "Venture Capital and Small Business Investment Companies" |
| • | Reduce the amount of time and effort required to solve an accounting research issue |
| • | Mitigate the risk of noncompliance with standards through improved usability of the literature |
| • | Provide accurate information with real-time updates as new standards are released |
| • | Assist FASB with the research and convergence efforts required during the standard-setting process |
| • | Become the authoritative source of literature for the completed eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) taxonomy |
| • | Clarify that guidance not contained in FASB ASC is not considered authoritative |
FASB ASC uses a topical structure in which guidance is organized into areas, topics, subtopics, sections, and subsections. These terms are defined as follows:
Areas. The broadest category in FASB ASC and represent a grouping of topics.
Topics. The broadest categorization of related content and correlate with the International Accounting Standards (IASs) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).
Subtopics. Represent subsets of a topic and are generally distinguished by type or scope.
Sections. Indicate the nature of the content such as recognition, measurement, or disclosure. The sections' structure correlates with the IASs and IFRSs.
Subsections. Allow further segregation and navigation of content.
Topics, subtopics, and sections are numerically referenced. This effectively organizes the content without regard to the original standard setter or standard from which the content was derived. An example of the numerical referencing is FASB ASC 305-10-05, in which 305 is the Cash and Cash Equivalents topic, 10 represents the "Overall" subtopic, and 05 represents the "Overview and Background" section.
FASB ASC features a notice to constituents, which explains the scope, structure, and usage of consistent terminology of FASB ASC. Users are encouraged to read this notice.
By July 1, 2009, FASB is expected to issue a final standard to flatten the GAAP hierarchy and replace FASB Statement No. 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The standard's effective date is expected to be July 1, 2009 to coincide with the release of FASB ASC as authoritative. The new standard will essentially reduce the GAAP hierarchy to two levels, one that is authoritative (in FASB ASC) and one that is not (not in FASB ASC).
Exceptions include all rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal securities laws—which are sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants—and certain grandfathered guidance having an effective date before March 15, 1992. The proposed standard is expected to create a new topic, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, in FASB ASC. One piece of the grandfathered guidance relates to AICPA software revenue recognition Technical Practice Aid Questions and Answers (TIS) sections 5100.38-.76, which were elevated into the authoritative literature during development of FASB ASC. Nonpublic entities would be required to apply this guidance prospectively for revenue agreements entered into or materially modified in annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2009, and interim periods within those years. This transition provision would only be applicable for nonpublic entities that had not previously applied this guidance. Public entities should have already been applying guidance in TIS sections 5100.38-.76. Readers can monitor the status of the proposed statement at www.fasb.org/draft/index.shtml.
FASB ASC represents a major shift in the organization and presentation of U.S. GAAP. For more information refer to the FASB ASC Web site at http://asc. fasb.org/home and the FASB ASC project status page at www.fasb.org/project/ codification&retrieval_project.shtml. To read more about it, including recent developments and updates, please also see the AICPA's dedicated FASB ASC Web site at www.aicpa.org/Professional+Resources/Accounting+and+Auditing/ FASB+Accounting+Standards+Codification/.
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